《德鲁克日志》第五篇：组织的特性

2017.11.19

                                                                                   文｜彼得德鲁克

提示：一家企业要想有绩效，必须聚焦。什么生意都做的企业，很难把所有的业务都做好。一把功能俱全的工具可能什么也干不了，例如瑞士军刀。虽然它各种各样功齐全，但是每一样功能都不如专业的工具有效。企业作为一种工具也应该有其特殊的功能，而且这些功能不可以过于多元化。

启发：如果组织是一个工具，打造组织的技能就是管理。

瑞士军刀虽然好看，但不实用

组织的特性

Characteristic of organizations

组织是一种工具。和任何工具一样，越专业化，它产生绩效的能力就越强。

Organization is a tool. As with any tool, the more specialized it given task, the greater its performance capacity.

组织是具有特定目标的机构。它们之所以有效是因为它们总是聚焦于一项任务。

Organizations are special-purpose institutions. They are effective because they concentrate on one task.

如果你到美国肺科协会去说“90%的美国成年人正饱受‘趾甲内生症’，我们需要你们协会发挥在研究、卫生教育和疾病防治方面的专业特长，帮助大众消除这一病痛”，你会得到这样的回答：“我们只对人体胯骨以上和肩部以下的部位感兴趣”。这一答案解释了为什么美国肺科协会，美国心脏协会，或其他任何医疗保健组织能够取得成效的原因。

If you were to go to the American Lung Association and say“90% of all adults Americans suffer from in grown toenails; we need your expertise in research, health education and prevention to stamp out this dreadful scourge,” you'd get an answer “We are interested only in what lies between the hips and shoulders.” That explains why American Lung Association or American Heart Association or any of the other organizations in the health field get results.

社会、社区和家庭必须应付所有出现的危机。如果在组织内这样做，那就是“多样化”。组织内的“多样化”意味着“离析化”。 离析化会破坏组织产生绩效的能力 - 无论是在企业、工会、学校、医院、社区服务机构还是在教会。

Society, community, family, have to deal with whatever problem arises. To do so in organization is “diversification”. And in anorganization diversification means splintering. It destroys the performance capacity of any organization - whether business, labors union, school, hospital,community service, or church.

因为组织是由专家组成的，每个专家都有自己狭窄的知识领域，所以组织使命界定必须非常清晰。组织必须是专一的，否则组织成员会变得困惑。他们将追随自己的专业而非企业的目标。他们将根据自己的专业定义成果。他们会把自己的价值观强加到组织上。只有明确、聚焦清晰和共同使命，才能把组织内的员工凝聚在一起，并使之产生成果。

Because the organization is composed of specialists, each with his or her own narrow knowledge area, its mission must be crystal clear.The organization must be single minded, otherwise its members become confused.They will follow their specialty rather than applying it to the common task.They will each define results in terms of that specialty, imposing their own values on the organization. Only a clear, focused, and a common mission can hold the organization together and enable it to produce results.

行动指南：

确认你的组织有一个清晰的目标，每一个员工都能认同的使命，并且专注于产生成果。

Action point: Make sure your organization has a clear focus, a mission that everyone can identify with, and that concentrates on producing results.