《德鲁克日志》第九篇：预留的权限

2017.11.23

提示：经常看到一种奇怪的现象，企业高层做中层管理该做的事；中层管理者在忙乎基层员工该做的事。究其原因，是因为最高管理层不清楚为自己的预留的权限是什么。作为企业的最高决策者，哪些事情是你必须做的，哪些事情是不必你操心的？在今天的日志中，彼得德鲁克先生为我们做了梳理。

文｜彼得德鲁克

预留的权限

Reservation of authority

必须有一种为中央管理层预留的，“至高无上”对企业整体和长期福祉的决策权。

There must be a kind of “supremacy clause”reserving to central management the decisions thataffect the business as a whole and its long range future welfare.

在一家分权制的企业中，高层管理者必须认真思考哪些决策是留给自己做的。毕竟有些决策关系到整个公司，它的完整性以及它的未来。这些决策只能有由那些看到整体和对整体负责的人来做。具体而言，要想保持公司的完整性而非分崩离析，必须有三个预留的范围。

Top management in a decentralized company must think through carefully what decisions it reserves for itself. For there are decisions that have to do with that entire company, its integrity, and its future. These decisions can be made only by somebody who sees the whole and is responsible for the whole. Specifically, there must be three reserved areas if the business is toremain a whole rather than splinter into fragments.

第一，高层管理者，只有高层管理者，能够决定研发什么技术、进入哪些市场和生产产品、开启和淘汰什么业务以及企业的基本价值、信念和原则。

Top management and the top management alone, can make the decision on what technologies，markets，and the products to go into, what businesses to start and what businesses to abandon, and also what the basic values, beliefs, and principles of the company are.

第二，高层管理必须保留分配关键资源的权力。在联邦制的公司，资金来源和投资是高层的责任，不可以交给自治的自治单位。

Second, top management must reserve to itself the controlof the allocation of the key source of capital. Both the supply of capital andits investment are top management responsibilities that cannot be turned over to the autonomous unit of a federal organization.

第三，另外的关键资源是人。人，在联邦制组织，特别是经理和主要技术人员，是整个公司的资源，而不是某个部门的资源。人事政策，分权制公司的主要人事任命是高层的的决策– 尽管自治机构的管理者要积极参与其过程。

Third, the other key resource is people. The people in a federally organized company, and especially managers and key professionals, are a resource of the entire company rather than of any one unit. The company’s policies with respect to people and the decisions and key appointments in the decentralized autonomous businesses are top-management decisions -though of course autonomous business managers need to take an activepart in them.

行动指南：

为高层保留关键决策的权力，特别是与使命、价值观和企业发展方向、资源配置以及选拔人才的决策。

Action point: reserve a certain key decisions for top management, especially those having to do with the mission, values, and thed irection of the organization; the allocation of capital; and the selection of key people.